;
Information may be obtained for any of the following by entering the 
appropriate selection:

A  - LIST			       P  - RESTORE
B  - LOCATE, CONTINUE		       Q  - RETURN
C  - MODIFY			       R  - SAVE
D  - NOTE			       S  - SELECT, PRIMARY, SECONDARY
E  - PACK             		       T  - SET
F  - QUIT			       U  - SKIP
G  - READ			       V  - SORT
H  - RECALL			       W  - STORE
I  - REINDEX			       X  - SUM
J  - RELEASE			       Y  - TEXT
K  - REMARK			       Z  - TOTAL
L  - RENAME			                   
M  - REPLACE			       1  - (ACCEPT > JOIN)
N  - REPORT			       2  - (UPDATE > ...)
O  - RESET
:A   
LIST

> LIST FILES [ON <disk drive>] [LIKE  <skeleton>]  --  lists  all 
       files on designated disk.  Default to logged disk.
       Example: LIST FILES ON C LIKE *.FRM

> LIST [<scope>][<field  list>] [FOR <exp list>][OFF] -- displays 
       records of file in use. Default value is ALL records.
       Example: LIST NEXT 25 NAME, PHONE FOR CONTRIB > 100 
       (i.e., NAME and PHONE of next 25 who contributed more than 
       $100.)
    
> LIST STRUCTURE -- displays structure of database in use.

> LIST MEMORY -- lists names and values of all currently  defined 
       memory variables.  

> LIST STATUS -- lists databases open,  indexes  in  use,  system 
       date, and current parameters SET.
:B  
LOCATE
CONTINUE

> LOCATE  [<scope>] FOR <exp> -- finds first record  of  database 
       for  which FOR <exp> is True.  Use CONTINUE to  find  next 
       such record.  (User may manipulate record before  resuming 
       search with CONTINUE.) 

       . LOCATE ALL FOR ZIP >= '95000' .AND. ZIP < '96000'
       RECORD: 00123
       . DISPLAY
       . CONTINUE
       RECORD: 00232    
:C 
MODIFY

>  MODIFY  STRUCTURE  -- allows user to alter  the  structure  of 
       database in use. This command will destroy all data in the 
       file in use. (To alter structure without loss of data, use 
       COPY STRUCTURE, USE, and APPEND as illustrated below.)

        . USE NAMES
        . COPY STRUCTURE TO TEMP
        . USE TEMP
        . MODIFY STRUCTURE -- no data lost since file is empty
        . APPEND FROM NAMES -- brings data into modified database
        . DELETE FILE NAMES
        . USE -- close TEMP in order to:     
        . RENAME TEMP TO NAMES

>  MODIFY COMMAND <file> -- calls dBASE's text editor and  brings 
       up or creates designated file. Primarily used for creating 
       and editing command (.PRG), text (.TXT), and format (.FMT) 
       files,  but  may be employed as a simple full screen  word 
       processor.
:D 
NOTE

> NOTE or * -- permits the insertion of comments into  a  command 
       file.  Comments  following NOTE or * will not be read when 
       file is executed.
:E 
PACK

> PACK -- erases records marked for deletion in database in  use.  
       If  index  files are in use,  they will  be  automatically 
       updated.
:F 
QUIT

> QUIT  [TO  <com file list>] --  terminates  dBASE  and  returns 
       control  to operating system.   Optionally calls  programs 
       from system level. 
:G 
READ

> READ  -- initiates  full-screen mode for entry  or  editing  of 
       variables.  The Full-screen prompts and window are created 
       by @ SAY commands with GET phrases.
            
       Command file fragment:

             STORE '          ' TO name
             STORE '          ' TO phone
             @ 4,4 SAY 'Name' GET name
             @ 6,4 SAY 'Phone' GET phone PICTURE '(###)###-####' 
             READ
:H
RECALL

> RECALL [<scope>] [FOR <exp>] -- reinstates record(s) marked for 
       deletion within use file. Default value is current record.  
:I 
REINDEX

> REINDEX  -- allows  update of  index  files  not  automatically 
       'reindexed' after alteration of database file. 

       Example: . USE MAILLIST INDEX INDEXA
                . APPEND
                [append operations performed] 
                . SET INDEX TO INDEXB,INDEXC 
                . REINDEX
:J 
RELEASE

>  RELEASE -- erases unwanted memory variables and  opens  memory 
       space  for further use.  (<skeleton> uses ?  to  mask  any 
       single character, * to mask all remaining characters.  

       Syntax: RELEASE [<memvar list>], or [ALL]
               RELEASE ALL LIKE <skeleton>
               RELEASE ALL EXCEPT <skeleton>
                  
       Examples (where N, N1, N2, N10, V7 are variables in use):

               RELEASE ALL LIKE N?  [N10 and V7 will remain] 
               RELEASE ALL LIKE N?? [V7 will remain]
               RELEASE ALL EXCEPT ?1* [N1 and N10 will remain]
:K 
REMARK

> REMARK  -- permits the display of any  characters.  In  command 
       file character entry is output.

       Example: . REMARK abracadabara!!!
                abracadabara!!!        
:L 
RENAME

> RENAME  <file> TO  <new filename> -- renaming of  file  in  DOS 
       directory.  Unless otherwise indicated, dBASE assumes that 
       file type is DBF.  
                   
       Example: . RENAME REVIEW.FRM TO REVIEW2.FRM
:M 
REPLACE

> REPLACE -- allows user to replace contents of specified  fields 
    of database in use. If index file is keyed on field targeted 
     for  update,  index  in use will be  automatically  updated.  
     Default <scope> is current record.             

  Syntax: REPLACE [<scope>] <field> WITH <exp> [,<field2> WITH 
                         <exp2>][FOR <exp>]

  Example: . USE MXPROJ
           . REPLACE ALL COST WITH COST * 6.1 FOR ITEM = 'ELEC' 
:N 
REPORT

> REPORT -- used for creating a Report Form File (FRM) for  dis-
      playing  specified information from a database in a  user-
      defined format.  Outputs results to screen or printed page. 

      Syntax: REPORT [FORM <form file>] [<scope>][TO PRINT] 
                       [FOR <exp>] [PLAIN]
:O 
RESET

> RESET [<drive>] -- use this command after changing disks on any 
       drive other than that containing dBASE. Command resets the 
       DOS  bit  map,  allowing uninterrupted operation of  dBASE 
       program. Close all files before issuing a RESET. 
:P 
RESTORE

> RESTORE FROM <file> [ADDITIVE] -- retrieves and  activates  th 
       set of memory variables previously SAVEd to a memory file. 
       ADDITIVE  allows you to keep currently defined   variables 
       intact; otherwise they are lost. 
:Q 
RETURN

> RETURN -- may be used in a command file to  return  control  to 
       the command file which called it or to dBASE "." prompt if 
       user called it.
:R 
SAVE

> SAVE TO <file> [ALL LIKE <skeleton>] or [ALL EXCEPT <skeleton>] 
       -- copies  all memory variables currently in use,  or only 
       those specified by <skeleton>,  to designated memory (MEM) 
       file.  <skeleton> uses ? to mask any single characters and 
       * to mask all remaining characters.
        
 Examples (where N1, N2, N10, V1, V2, V10 are current variables):
 
       . SAVE TO NUMBER ALL LIKE N* [saves N1, N2, N10]
       . SAVE TO NUMBER ALL LIKE N? [saves N1, N2]
       . SAVE TO NUMBER ALL EXCEPT ?1* [saves N2, V2]
:S 
SELECT
PRIMARY
SECONDARY

> SELECT [PRIMARY / secondary] -- allows user to move between the 
       two  work  areas dBASE provides,  thus permitting user  to 
       work with two databases simultaneously and maintain record 
       pointers in both.  Primary area is active upon bringing up 
       dBASE. 
:T 
SET

> SET -- sets dBASE control parameters.

         Syntax: SET <parameter> [ON or OFF]
                 SET <parameter> TO <option>

All SET commands are listed below in alphabetic order:  NOTE that 
some SETs are of the (ON/OFF) type,  and others require some user 
option  to  be given.   Default value of ON/OFF SET  commands  is 
indicated by uppercase of ON or OFF in each listing.  

      Example: SET BELL [ON/off] - default value is ON.

> SET ALTERNATE [OFF/on] -- ON sends all  screen  output  (except 
       full-screen)  to  a disk file.  (Must be preceeded by  SET 
       ALTERNATE  TO <file> command).   OFF shuts off  output  to 
       file.

>  SET BELL [ON/off] -- ON rings when invalid data is entered  or 
       data field boundary is passed.  OFF suspends ringing.

> SET CARRY [OFF/on] -- ON repeats data in  current  record  from 
       previous record when using APPEND in Full-screen mode. OFF 
       leaves field blank.

> SET COLON [ON/off] -- ON displays colons to bound  input  vari-
       ables  when  using  Full-screen  display.    OFF  suspends 
       display of colons.

> SET CONFIRM [OFF/on] -- ON disables automatic skipping to  next 
       field  when current field is  filled while in  Full-screen 
       mode.   OFF  requires a wait for <return> before going  to 
       next field.

> SET CONSOLE [ON/off] -- ON sends all  output  to  screen.   OFF 
       suspends all output to screen. System will appear dead.

> SET DEBUG [OFF/on] -- ON sends output created by ECHO and  STEP 
       options to printer. OFF sends this output to the screen.

> SET DELETED  [OFF/on] -- ON  disables  dBASE  from  FINDing  or 
       processing  records  marked for deletion with any  command 
       allowing a  <scope>,  e.g.,  LIST,  DISPLAY,  COUNT.   OFF 
       enables dBASE to see all records.

> SET ECHO [OFF/on] --  ON  enables  monitoring of  command  file 
       execution by echoing all commands to screen.  OFF sends no 
       report on execution.

> SET EJECT [ON/off] -- ON causes REPORT  command  to  perform  a 
       form-feed  (page  eject) before sending report  output  to 
       printer.  OFF disables the page eject.

> SET ESCAPE [ON/off] -- ON allows user  to  abort  execution  of 
       command file by hitting ESCape key.   OFF disables ESC key 
       interrupt.

> SET EXACT [OFF/on] -- ON requires exact matches in any compari-
       son  of  character strings (in FOR <exp>,  FIND  commands, 
       etc.).   OFF  allows matches between character strings  of 
       different lengths (in this order): 'ABCDEF'= 'ABC'. 

>  SET  INTENSITY  [ON/off] -- ON enables inverse video  or  dual 
       intensity in Full-screen operations (if allowed  by  hard-
       ware).  OFF disables these features. 

> SET LINKAGE [OFF/on]  -- ON enables movement of record pointers 
       in  both PRIMARY and SECONDARY areas,  by  commands  which 
       allow  a <scope>,  i.e.,  downward  movement   only.   OFF  
       suspends pointer linkage.

> SET PRINT [OFF/on] -- ON sends output  to  printer.  OFF  stops 
       printer output.

> SET RAW [OFF/on] --  ON  DISPLAYs  and  LISTs  records  without 
       inserting  spaces  between fields;  OFF inserts  an  extra 
       space between fields.
> SET SCREEN [ON/off] -- ON  enables  Full-screen  operation  for 
       APPEND, EDIT, INSERT, READ, and CREATE commands.  

> SET STEP [OFF/on] -- ON  aids  debugging  of  command  file  by 
       halting  execution after dBASE performs each command.  OFF 
       does not halt execution.

> SET TALK [ON/off] -- ON sends results of command  execution  to 
       screen. OFF suppresses additional screen output.

> SET ALTERNATE TO [<file>] -- creates  a  disk  file  with  .TXT 
       extension  for  saving screen  output.  SET  ALTERNATE  TO 
       closes the .TXT file.

> SET COLOR TO <n1,n2> -- sets color or CRT attribute of terminal 
       output on IBMPC, Victor, TI Professional, and IBMPC compa-
       tible terminals.  <n1> indicates desired color  or  attri-
       bute  of  dim/reverse video,  <n2> the  desired  color  or 
       attribute of normal display.  For possible <n> values, see 
       "Change Summary."  

> SET DATE TO <xx/xx/xx> -- stores a string to system  date,  but 
       does not perform date validation. 

> SET DEFAULT TO <drive> -- makes specified drive the drive where 
       dBASE will look for files when instructed.

> SET F<n> TO <'new value'> --  stores 'new value' in  buffer  of 
       function key <n> of IBM PC,  TI Professional,  Victor, and 
       IBM PC compatible terminals.  See "Change Summary" addenda 
       for default values.  

> SET FORMAT TO <SCREEN/print> -- SCREEN sends output from @  SAY 
       commands  to  screen.   PRINT  sends formatted  output  to 
       printer. 

>  SET FORMAT TO [<format file>] -- opens .FMT file  which  dBASE 
       will use to format screen for READ,  APPEND, EDIT, INSERT,  
       CREATE, @ SAY commands. SET FORMAT TO closes any open .FMT 
       file.

> SET HEADING  TO  <cstring> -- saves  <cstring>  internally  and 
       prints it as the Report header line.

> SET INDEX TO <index file list> -- sets up index files  for  use 
       with corresponding database.  First .NDX file in list will 
       be engaged as the active index; all other index files will 
       be  automatically  updated to reflect any changes  to  the 
       database.

> SET MARGIN TO <n> -- sets left hand margin of  printer  to  <n> 
       columns.

:U 
SKIP

> SKIP [-] [<n>] -- moves record pointer up or down  <n>  records 
       within the use file. Default value is +1.
:V 
SORT

>  SORT ON <field> TO <file> [ASCENDING / descending] -- writes a 
       new  copy of the database in use with all records arranged 
       in order. Uses ASCII value to determine the order  (gener-
       ally Spaces, Numbers, Uppercase, Lowercase, then Symbols).  
       SORT will not copy records marked for  deletion.   Default 
       order is ASCENDING.

       Example: . USE MAILLIST
                . SORT ON ZIP TO MAILZIP DESCENDING    
:W 
STORE

> STORE <exp> TO <memvar> -- takes the value of an expression and 
       stores it to a memory variable.

       Example: . STORE 3 to NUMBER
                  3
                . STORE NUMBER + 9 TO NUMBER2
                  12
                . STORE 'HOWARD' TO NAME
                  HOWARD
                . ? NUMBER+NUMBER2, ' ', NAME
                  15   HOWARD      
:X 
SUM

> SUM  -- computes and displays the sums of numeric  field(s)  of  
       database in use.  The <scope> option permits selection  of 
       the range of records to sum; FOR <exp> allows summation on 
       particular criteria; TO <memvar> stores sums to the desig-
       nated  memory variables.  Default value of <scope> is  ALL 
       non-deleted records. 

       Syntax: SUM <field> [,<field2>][<scope>][TO <memvar list>]
                              [FOR <exp>]

       Examples:

 . USE SHOPLIST [fields are ITEM, NUMBER purchased, COST of item]
 . SUM COST * NUMBER FOR ITEM = 'food'
 . SUM NUMBER FOR ITEM = 'hardware' TO HARD
 . SUM NUMBER, NUMBER*COST FOR ITEM = 'hardware' .AND. COST >9.00
:Y 
TEXT

> TEXT -- in command files, allows the output of text information 
       without  use of the @ SAY or ?  commands.  dBASE will read 
       everything as text until it encounters an ENDTEXT command.
:Z 
TOTAL

> TOTAL -- creates a summary version of an indexed or  pre-sorted 
       database  by  copying only records with  a  unique  <key>.  
       Specified  <key> must be key to the index or the key  upon 
       which  database is already sorted.) Records with duplicate 
       keys  are removed.   All records with the same  <key>  can 
       have  their numeric fields totalled in the TO database  by 
       using the FIELDS option.

       Syntax: TOTAL TO <file> ON <key> [FIELDS <field list>]
:1 :DBTERM1.HLP
:2 :DBTERM2.HLP