;
Information may be obtained for any of the following by entering the 
appropriate selection:

A  - DBASE II TERMINOLOGY              P  - CASE
B  - ?				       Q  - EDIT
C  - @                        	       R  - EJECT
D  - ACCEPT			       S  - ERASE
E  - APPEND			       T  - FIND
F  - BROWSE			       U  - GO, GOTO
G  - CANCEL			       V  - IF, ELSE, ENDIF
H  - CHANGE			       W  - INDEX
I  - CLEAR			       X  - INPUT
J  - COPY			       Y  - INSERT
K  - COUNT			       Z  - JOIN
L  - CREATE			      
M  - DELETE			       1  - (LIST > TOTAL)   
N  - DISPLAY			       2  - (UPDATE > ...)
O  - DO, ENDCASE, ENDDO, LOOP	       
:A 
dBASE II TERMINOLOGY

<commands> or <statements> - any valid dBASE command or function.

<cstring>  -- character  string(s).   In most instances  must  be 
     delimited  with single quotes (''),  double quotes (""),  or 
     brackets ([]).

<cstring  exp> -- an <exp> whose content is defined as  Character 
     in type.   May be a cstring,  a memvar or field of type C or 
     any  combination of these items concatenated with the  dBASE 
     operators.

<delimiter>  -- any non-alphanumeric character used to  demarcate 
     data, e.g., single quotes (''), double quotes (""), brackets 
     ([]), colons (::), commas (,,), etc. 

<exp> or <expression> -- an item or group of items and  operators 
     whose value can be determined by dBASE. <exp>s may be defin-
     ed as C,N, or L depending on the "type" of data they contain.
<exp list> -- a list of expressions delimited with commas.

<field> -- a record field name.

<field list> -- a list of field names delimited with commas.

<file> -- name of file you wish to create or access.

<index file> -- name of index file you wish to create or access.

<key>  -- list of field(s) or portion(s) thereof used  to  create 
     index files or sorted databases.

<memvar> -- the name of a memory variable.

<memvar list> -- list of memory variables delimited with commas.

<n> -- a number which dBASE regards as a literal value.

<numeric exp> -- an <exp> whose content is defined as Numeric.

<scope>  -- command option specifies range of records dBASE  must 
     treat  in  executing command.   <scope> has  three  possible 
     values:  ALL records in file;  NEXT <n> records in file; and 
     RECORD <n>.  Default value varies from command to command.

<skeleton>  -- allows  batch manipulation of files of  same  type 
     and/or  with matching characters in filename using operating 
     system "wild cards," ? and *. Also allows batch manipulation 
     of groups of <memvars> with matching characters in name.

<variable> -- the name of a database field or <memvar>.

:B
??

> ? -- Evaluates  and  displays  the value of an  expression.  In  
     command files (and elsewhere) can be used without expression 
     to space down a line at output.
      
                   . ? 6/3
                     2
                   . ? 'CITY'
                     CITY
                   . ? CITY (field of file in use)
                     Managua
 
> ?? -- Same as ?, but displays result on same line as entry.
:C
@

> @ -- Displays user formatted data on screen or printer at spec-
       ified x,y coordinates (x=line,y=column).

Syntax:

  @ <coords> [SAY <exp> [USING '<picture>']] [GET <variable> 
       [PICTURE '<picture>']]

Examples:

  @ 3,23 SAY AMOUNT * 1.06 USING '$$$,$$$.99'

  @ 14,23 SAY "ENTER PHONE" GET PHONE PICTURE '(###)###-####'

  @ LINE+2,45 SAY TOTAL USING '99999.99'
:D
ACCEPT

>  ACCEPT  -- Prompts user to enter character string  information 
              into a designated memory variable. 

   Syntax: ACCEPT ['<prompt cstring>'] TO <memvar>

   Example:. ACCEPT "What is your name?" to NAME
             What is your name?: [user's response stored to SIN]
           . ? NAME
             [user's response displayed]  
:E
APPEND

> APPEND FROM <file> [FOR <exp>]  or  APPEND  FROM  <file>  [SDF]
     [DELIMITED] [FOR <exp>] -- appends data  FROM  a database or 
     file  in  System  Data Format file to the database  in  use. 
     Records  marked  for  deletion in FROM <file>  will  not  be 
     appended. 

     e.g., APPEND FROM MAILLIST FOR NAME='N' 
           APPEND FROM TEST.TXT DELIMITED 
 
> APPEND BLANK -- appends a blank record to file in use.

> APPEND -- allows user to add new records to  database  in  use. 
     (If  index is also in use,  the index file is  automatically 
     updated).    
:F
BROWSE

> BROWSE [FIELDS <field list>] -- Brings up  Full-screen  viewing 
     and editing of the database in use. 
:G
CANCEL

> CANCEL -- In a command file,  stops command file execution  and 
     returns user to dBASE "." prompt.  

     Command file fragment:
            
        ACCEPT "What should this humble machine do next?" to NEXT
        IF NEXT = 'Q'
           CANCEL 
        ENDIF                
:H
CHANGE

> CHANGE -- Permits Non-Full-Screen editing of database in use by 
            field. Hit ESCape key to terminate CHANGE mode.

  Syntax:  CHANGE [<scope>] FIELD <list> [FOR <exp>]

  Example: CHANGE ALL FIELD ZIP FOR ZIP = '90045'
           RECORD: 00001
           ZIP: 90045
           CHANGE? 
  (Enter  the characters to be changed and hit  return.  Add  new 
  data at the TO prompt, or hit return to go to the  next  appro-
  priate record.)      
:I
CLEAR

> CLEAR -- closes all database in use, releases all memory  vari-
           ables, and Selects Primary work area. 

> CLEAR GETS -- commands dBASE to forget all GET statements still 
           active without erasing the screen. 
:J 
COPY

> COPY  -- Copies the database in use or only  its  structure  TO 
      another file. COPY will create the TO <file> if it does not 
      yet  exist,  but  will destroy an already existing file  of 
      that  name.   Will  not copy records marked  for  deletion. 

  Command has three forms: 
               
  COPY TO <file> [<scope>] [FIELD <list>] [FOR <exp>]
  COPY TO <file> [SDF] [DELIMITED [WITH <delimiter>]] [FOR <exp>]
  COPY TO <file> STRUCTURE [FIELD <list>]

>  COPY  TO  <file> STRUCTURE EXTENDED -- special  form  of  COPY 
      creates  database whose records represent the structure  of 
      file in use.
:K 
COUNT

> COUNT -- Counts the number of records in database in use  which 
           satisfy specified criteria. Default value is COUNT all 
           records.

  Syntax:  COUNT [scope] [FOR <exp>] [TO <memvar>]
 
  Example: COUNT NEXT 25 FOR GRADE > 'B-' TO DEANLST 
:L 
CREATE

>  CREATE [<filename>] -- Creates a new database.  User  will  be 
          prompted for file structure.

>  CREATE <newfile> FROM <oldfile> EXTENDED --  creates  database 
          whose structure is determined by the data contained  in 
          the  records  of <oldfile>.  (Used with COPY  STRUCTURE 
          EXTENDED.)
:M 
DELETE

> DELETE FILE <file> -- deletes specified file.
       
> DELETE [<scope>] [FOR <exp>] -- marks record(s)  for  deletion. 
         Records  marked for deletion (with *) will not be erased 
         until  the PACK command is given.   Records may also  be 
         marked for deletion by record number.

         Examples: DELETE ALL FOR COMPANY = 'ZMB'
                   DELETE RECORD 15
:N 
DISPLAY

> DISPLAY  FILES [ON <disk drive>]  [LIKE  <skeleton>]  -- lists 
     files on drive. For example, DISPLAY FILES ON B LIKE *.MEM.

> DISPLAY [<scope>][<field list>][FOR<exp list>][OFF] -- displays 
     records of file in use.  

> DISPLAY STRUCTURE -- displays field names,  types, lengths, and 
     decimals (structure) of file in use.

> DISPLAY MEMORY -- display names,types, and values of  all  cur-
     rently defined memory variables.

> DISPLAY STATUS -- lists databases in use,  system date, indexes 
     in use, and current parameters SET.
:O 
DO
ENDCASE
ENDDO
LOOP

> DO <file> -- opens and executes specified command file.

> DO WHILE <exp> -- used in command files to  open  a  structured 
     loop.  Commands  in  between are executed so long as the  DO        
     WHILE <exp> is found to be true.
       
  Syntax: DO WHILE <exp>      Example: USE MAILLIST
             <commands>                DO WHILE .NOT. EOF
          [LOOP]                          ? NAME
             <commands>                   ? PHONE
          ENDDO                           SKIP
                                          ENDDO

>  LOOP -- causes command file to jump processing back to the  DO 
     WHILE command. 

           Example:  USE MAILLIST
                     DO WHILE .NOT. EOF
                        IF ZIP = '90005'
                           SKIP
                           LOOP
                         ENDIF 
                           ? NAME
                           ? PHONE
                           SKIP
                      ENDDO
:P 
CASE

> DO CASE -- used in command file to choose one and only  one  of 
     several possible execution paths. OTHERWISE clause optional, 
     and  executes  when no CASE is true.  ENDCASE is  needed  to 
     close command.
      
     Example: USE MAILLIST
              ACCEPT "WHICH MENU OPTION DO YOU PREFER?" to Choice
              DO CASE                           
                 CASE Choice = '1'
                      DO Clabels 
                 CASE Choice = '2'
                      DO Cappend   
                 CASE Choice = '3'
                      DO Cedit            
                 OTHERWISE
                      Return 
              ENDCASE
:Q 
EDIT

> EDIT [<record number>] -- enables selective editing of database 
       in  use by record number.  Requests record number  if  not 
       supplied.  When edit of particular record  has  been  com-
       pleted,  ctrl-W  brings back EDIT's record number   prompt 
       (ENTER  RECORD #:).   To  terminate  EDIT   mode,   answer 
       record number query with a return.
:R 
EJECT

> EJECT -- causes printer to do a form feed (page eject) if PRINT 
       is  SET  ON or FORMAT is SET TO PRINT.   When using @  SAY 
       commands for direct page formatting,  EJECT will zero  out 
       line and column counters. 
:S 
ERASE

>  ERASE -- clears the screen.   In interactive mode,  "." prompt 
       will  appear at top left corner of screen.

:T 
FIND

> FIND <cstring> -- when using indexed files,  positions to first 
       record indexed by <cstring>.
:U 
GO
GOTO

>  GO or GOTO -- positions to a specific record or place  in  the 
       database in use. Also positions to record number contained 
       in memory  variable.

  Syntax: GO or GOTO [RECORD <n>],<n>,[TOP],[BOTTOM], or <memvar>
:V 
IF
ELSE
ENDIF

> IF -- in command file, IF structure permits conditional exe-
        cution of commands. ELSE clause is optional.

  Syntax: IF <exp>             Example: IF STATE = 'CA'   
             <any statements>              DO INSTATE (CMD file)
          [ELSE                         ELSE 
             <any statements>]             DO OUTSTATE (CMD file)
          ENDIF                         ENDIF 
:W 
INDEX

> INDEX  ON <exp> TO <index file> -- creates an  index  file  for 
     database in use based upon content of field(s) or portion(s) 
     of field(s) specified by the <exp> or index <key>. 
:X 
INPUT

> INPUT ["<cstring prompt>"] TO <memvar> -- prompts user to enter 
        numeric or logical information into the designated memory 
        variable.  
        
        Example: INPUT 'Prompt user for input' TO X
                 Prompt user for input: 12 <cr>                     
                 [user input, 12, stored to X]
                 . ? X 12
:Y 
INSERT

> INSERT [[BEFORE] [BLANK]] -- inserts a record into the database 
       in  use immediately after or -- with BEFORE -- before  the 
       current  record.   Presents  user  with data entry  format 
       for use file unless BLANK record is requested.  
:Z 
JOIN

> JOIN  -- creates a new database by  combining  the  records  of 
       files in use in Primary and Secondary areas.   Records are 
       added where FOR <exp> evaluates as True.   Command must be 
       executed from primary area. Default value for FIELD <list> 
       is ALL.

       Syntax: JOIN TO <file> FOR <exp> [FIELDS <field list>]

       Example: . USE NAMES
                . SELECT SECONDARY
                . USE MAILLIST
                . SELECT PRIMARY
                . JOIN TO NAMEJ FOR LAST <> S.LAST  
:1 :DBTERM2.HLP

:2 :DBTERM3.HLP