JUGG.TXT rev 96-09-16 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * THIS DOCUMENT IS COPYRIGHT (C) 1988, 1996 BY HERNE DATA SYSTEMS LTD. THE MATERIAL CONTAINED HEREIN MAY BE FREELY USED FOR PERSONAL INFORMATION ONLY. IF YOU REPRODUCE IT, THIS COPYRIGHT NOTICE MUST NOT BE REMOVED. THIS MATERIAL MAY NOT BE EXPLOITED FOR COMMERCIAL PURPOSES. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Herne Data Systems Ltd., PO Box 250, Tiverton, ON N0G 2T0 CANADA. Voice/fax 519-366-2732, e-mail hernedata@mail.bmts.com, internet: http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/herne_data * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Jugg'ler-128 version 3.4 User's Guide (c) Copyright 1988, 1996 Herne Data Systems Ltd. Jugg'ler-128 is an easy to use program for the Commodore C-128 personal computer (in CP/M mode) with a 1570, 1571 and/or a 1581 disk drive which provides read, write and formatting support for more than 140 types of CP/M disks. Up to three of these extra disk types can be installed on your system and can be changed at any time. Once installed, you can read and write these disks with no further assistance from Jugg'ler. Support is fully automatic by the CP/M operating system! (In order to use these extra types, you must run Jugg'ler each time you boot up CP/M.) In addition, you can format a new disk in any of the supported types. Jugg'ler is compatible with all current versions of C-128 CP/M and with all current C-128 hardware configurations, including the C-128-D. The Fine Print ============== Jugg'ler-128 is a copyrighted program written by Miklos Garamszeghy for Herne Data Systems Ltd. You may reach us at: Herne Data Systems Ltd. PO Box 250 Tiverton, ON N0G 2T0 CANADA voice/FAX (519) 366-2732 e-mail: hernedata@mail.bmts.com or 72060.1153@compuserve.com http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/herne_data ============================================================ Note: Jugg'ler-128 is no longer fully supported by Herne Data Systems Ltd. We regret that we are unable to provide any future updates to the program. However, it is being released as "freeware" for the benefit of those who may still have a use for it. If there is sufficient interest, we will consider doing updates to the Jugg'ler data file. (Visit our website, or contact us by e-mail if you have requests for specific disk formats to be added to the data file.) ============================================================ GETTING STARTED In order to use Jugg'ler you will need a Commodore C-128 or C-128-D personal computer with a 1570, 1571 or 1581 disk drive and a C-128 CP/M system boot disk (supplied with the computer or disk drive). The built in drive of the C-128-D works also. NOTE: Jugg'ler relies on C-128 specific hardware and software, and will not work with any other CP/M based computer. One of the nicest features of the C-128 CP/M mode is its ability to read and write many "foreign" CP/M disks (MFM disk types) when used with a 1570, 1571 or a 1581 disk drive. (The 1570 is a European single sided version of a 1571. Therefore, it only works with single sided disk types.) Configuration information about the various disk types is stored in an area of the CP/M operating system BIOS known as the disk parameter table or DPT. (The standard versions of C-128 CP/M provide support for nine different MFM disk types, in addition to up to four "native" Commodore CP/M disk types.) However, on the C-128, there are several "empty" or unused locations in the DPT. Jugg'ler takes advantage of this fact to add support for up to three more disk types. Jugg'ler is easy to use with extensive on-screen prompting and menus as well as error detection and correction routines. The error messages and prompts have been designed to be self explanatory. However, as with all software, a bit of common sense is required when using it. It should be noted that Jugg'ler is NOT a file copy or disk conversion program. It merely provides the means to install and format many MFM disk types. Once the disk types have been installed, all regular CP/M programs and commands can access these disks without further intervention on the part of Jugg'ler. NOTE: Please read this manual carefully before trying to use Jugg'ler for the first time, and especially before trying to use any of its more advanced options, such as disk analysis and autoboot patching. This manual assumes that the reader is familiar with at least the basic concepts of using CP/M on the C-128. Special Keys In CP/M mode, the C-128 makes use of some special purpose keys on the keyboard which are labelled with characters other than single letters or numbers. The ones used by Jugg'ler are listed below, along with the special symbol used to identify them in the text of this manual. Symbol Key on Keyboard + the "plus" key, either on the main keyboard or the numeric keypad. - the "minus" key, either on the main keyboard or the numeric keypad. * the "asterisk" key on the main keyboard. ? the "question mark" key on the lower right of the main keyboard. Note that this key must be pressed while holding down the "SHIFT" key. <- the "cursor left" key on the cursor control keypad above the main keyboard. -> the "cursor right" key on the cursor control keypad above the main keyboard. the "cursor up" key on the cursor control keypad above the main keyboard, or the key to the left of the key. the "cursor down" key on the cursor control keypad above the main keyboard. the key marked "CONTROL" at the left of the main keyboard. This key is used as a "shift" key in conjunction with another key. For example, -P means to hold down the key then press the P key. the key marked "ESC" in the row of keys above the top left of the main keyboard. the key marked "NO SCROLL" in the row of keys above the top middle of the main keyboard. In CP/M mode, this key is used to temporarily halt the execution of a program and "freeze" the screen display. With most versions of C-128 CP/M, execution is resumed by pressing the key again. With the MAY 1987 version, press to resume the program. the key marked "RETURN" at the right end of the main keyboard, or the one marked "ENTER" at the right end of the numeric keypad. In almost all cases (on the main keyboard) and (on the numeric keypad) behave exactly the same. (The only exceptions are - which is used to re-boot the CP/M system, and - which is used to lock in an MFM disk type.) In this manual, both keys will be referred to as . the key marked "INST-DEL" at the top right of the main keyboard. It is used as a backspace or rub-out key when editing keyboard input. On Screen Prompting When Jugg'ler requires you to enter information, such as selecting a target drive, it will display a prompt message requesting you to enter the appropriate information. When responding to a Jugg'ler prompt, always press after you have made your choice. If you change your mind or make a mistake before you press , you can use the normal editing keys (, etc.) to make corrections first. If you discover after pressing that a mistake has been made, most Jugg'ler options will allow you to abort the operation at the next step, and return you to the main menu screen. In addition, most prompts will either give an example of the input required or will list the valid options enclosed in angle brackets "< >" to assist you. If you are responding to a prompt which is phrased in the form of a question, such as: Format another ? --> the default response is the one listed in upper case (N for "no" in this case). This means that unless you specifically type in "y " or "Y " for "yes", Jugg'ler will assume that you typed in N for "no". Typing alone is equivalent to accepting the default response (N for no in this case). Jugg'ler works with either the 40 column or 80 column display. However, due to the layout of the various menu screens, it works best with the 80 column display. With CP/M versions of MAY 1987 and later which have the VT-100 option installed, the terminal protocol should be set to ADM31 emulation mode (the system default). Terminology To start with, a few basic terms are arbitrarily defined as follows for the purposes of this manual: CP/M COMMAND PROMPT: The CP/M command prompt refers to the input prompt displayed by CP/M when it is not executing a program or a command. This generally takes the form of "{drive}>", where {drive} is the letter code corresponding to the currently "logged" drive and user area, such as "A>" for drive A, user area 0; or "B2>" for drive B, user area 2. When this prompt is displayed, you can enter a CP/M command, such as DIR, or program name to execute, such as JUGG. CP/M STATUS LINE: The CP/M status line is the bottom line (line 25) of the 40 or 80 column screen display. It is used by the CP/M operating system to display various system status messages, such as the track and sector of the disk drive currently being read or written, edit windows during programmable key re-definitions, MFM disk selection choices, etc. Each of these parameters is displayed in a window on the bottom line when it is required. DISK TYPE: A disk type refers to the physical (i.e. sector size, # sectors/track, etc.) and logical configuration (i.e. directory size, location, allocation unit size, sector skew, etc.) of a given CP/M disk. It is usually named according to the host computer, that is, the computer on which it was originally designed to work, such as Epson QX-10. FORMAT: Format refers to the process of creating a new disk of the specified type. This is equivalent to "formatting a disk in the given disk type". Some computer manufacturers call this process "initializing a disk". Formatting a disk divides each physical track into a number of smaller packets called sectors or blocks of uniform size (128, 256, 512 or 1024 bytes) and labels each so that they can be individually located later by the operating system. I.D. CODE: Many MFM disk types are not physically unique. However, C-128 CP/M provides a method for selecting among types which may have the same physical structure (sector size and # sectors/track, etc.) but a different logical structure (the order in which sectors are filled, location of the directory, etc.) The I.D. CODE refers to the short form name of a disk type which appears in the selection box on the disk status line of the C-128 CP/M display when you are being asked to make such a choice. A selection is made by scrolling through the choices with the (<-) and (->) keys located in the cursor keypad above the main keyboard and then pressing to log in the choice temporarily or - to lock in the choice permanently. An example of this is the selection between KayPro II and KayPro IV. The C-128 CP/M operating system can easily distinguish among disks which are physically different on side 0, but cannot distinguish among disks which are physically the same, but logically different. Note that due to a "bug" in the CP/M operating system, you should not use - with a 1581 drive. If you do, problems (including possible system crashes) will arise when swapping disks on the 1581. SYSTEM DISK: When used by itself, "system disk" refers to the disk containing the Jugg'ler program and data files or a copy there of. "CP/M system disk" refers to the C-128 CP/M boot disk used to start up CP/M mode on the C-128. TARGET DRIVE: When Jugg'ler needs to access a disk drive to read or write a file or format a new disk, you will be prompted to enter a drive letter to select a "target drive". This is the disk drive on which the operation will take place. In general, it can be any drive connected to your system (A to D, or M). Formatting a new disk works with drives A to D only. Anything outside of the valid range will default to drive A. If you press without first specifying a letter, you will also default to drive A. The drive letter which you type in can be upper-case or lower-case. Although it is still supported, you should avoid using the phantom (or virtual) drive E, because the normal system prompts to swap disks are bypassed by most modes of Jugg'ler, and this drive is treated as drive A. MAKING A BACK UP Before using Jugg'ler for the first time, it is a good idea to make a back up or working copy of the Jugg'ler system disk for normal use. You can then store your original Jugg'ler disk in a safe place. Further back ups can be made from any back up, if desired. The Jugg'ler system disk is not copy protected in any way. Jugg'ler consists of three main files: JUGG.COM which contains the main program; JUGG.DAT which contains the physical and logical parameters for the various supported disk types; and JUGG.DEF which contains the user selected default subset of up to three entries from the JUGG.DAT file. All three files must be copied to the back up disk. This requires a total of about 40 k bytes of free disk space to accomodate these files. In addition, several additional device drivers, such as SB.COM, and documentation files may also be present. These can be copied to your back up disk using any standard CP/M file copying program, such as PIP, if you require them. To copy the files, you can either use your favorite CP/M file copy utility (such as SWEEP, PIP, etc.) or you can take advantage of the built in back up option of Jugg'ler itself. To activate the back up mode, type in: JUGG B at the CP/M command prompt. Be sure to include a space between "JUGG" and the "B". The back up option is designed to copy all three of the main Jugg'ler files in a single pass. After the files have been read into the computer, you will be prompted to select a drive to write the new files to. This can be any drive connected to your system, including drive M: (the RAM disk). After swapping disks, you can even use the same drive that you just read the files from, for a simple single drive back up. Select the appropriate drive and insert an already formatted disk (with at least 40 k bytes of free space on it) into the selected drive. Press in response to the "insert disk" prompt to continue with the back up process or any other key if you change your mind and decide not to go ahead with the back up. A message indicating the status of the process will be displayed on the screen. After one back up has been made, you will be given the option to make more back up copies if you so desire. Type in "Y " (for "yes") to make more copies or just (for "no") to exit and return to CP/M. Additional back up copies are made without the use of the Jugg'ler disk because all of the necessary Jugg'ler files are already resident in the computer's RAM. Once the CP/M command prompt (A>) re-appears, the back up process is complete. The back up disk can be of any type supported by your system. However, it is probably wise to make the back up on one of the "native" disk types because there would be no point in making a back up of Jugg'ler on a disk that can only be read after using Jugg'ler in the first place! NORMAL START UP To start up Jugg'ler, simply put your back up Jugg'ler disk containing the three main Jugg'ler files into the currently logged disk drive and type in: JUGG After a few moments, the sign-on screen will appear. The main menu will appear once the Jugg'ler data files have been read into memory. Jugg'ler can also be started directly from any drive connected to your system. For example, if drive A: is currently logged (i.e. the CP/M prompt says A>), you can run Jugg'ler from drive B: by typing in: B:JUGG Jugg'ler is intelligent enough to be able to load its data files from whichever drive the program itself was loaded from, regardless of which drive is the current default. The normal start up does not result in the automatic installation of the JUGG.DEF default file, thus preserving any previously installed extra disk types. Additional command line start up options for directly accessing many of the features of Jugg'ler, including one which provides for automatic installation of the defaults, are outlined later in this manual in the section "Optional Start up Commands". THE MAIN MENU The main menu screen is divided up into several parts. The top line of the screen contains the copyright message and indicates the current version of the data file. The next section of the screen lists the main menu options. The menu gives you the following choices: + to move to the next disk type in the selection list. - to move back to the previous disk type. * to scroll ahead by one page (10 entries). H to move to the beginning of the selection list. ? to display a list of all of the available disk types. A to install the currently selected disk type as extra disk type A. B to install the currently selected disk type as extra disk type B. C to install the currently selected disk type as extra disk type C. F to format a new disk in the currently selected type. I to read and install the disk types in the JUGG.DEF file. S to save the current default disk types in the JUGG.DEF file. X to analyse an unknown MFM disk. Q to quit and return to CP/M. Pressing any other key not listed above or in the detailed sections below, performs the same function as the + key. In most cases, especially with the non-alphabetic keys, several alternatives have been programmed into Jugg'ler to access a given function. This is to compensate for possible user re-definition of some of the keys. The currently "installed" extra disk types are displayed next, according to their I.D. codes. These are the extra disk types which have been retrieved from the default file, or have been installed by Jugg'ler or have been patched into your CPM+.SYS file through a permanent modification. Only the three disk parameter table (DPT) positions used by Jugg'ler are displayed. The I.D. code for the currently "selected" disk type is displayed in the line under the currently "installed" list. The bottom of the screen lists the extra disk types which are available in the current version of the data file. This listing appears as a ten entry window on a larger endless loop and can be scrolled in either direction to select the desired entry. SELECTING A DISK TYPE The available disk types in the JUGG.DAT file are displayed in the list on the bottom half of the menu screen in alphabetical order. The disk types are selected by scrolling through the list to high-light the desired type. The currently selected entry is displayed in reverse video. The corresponding I.D. code is displayed in the "currently selected" status window in the middle of the menu screen. This code is updated automatically as you scroll through the list. Disk types are listed by computer name, followed by secondary type (such as SS for single sided, SSSD, for single sided, single density, or DS for double sided.) The computer name will be referred to as the "host" computer. Names which include an asterisk ("*") are those which are normally supported by C-128 CP/M, such as the native C-128 types and the various "Epson" and "KayPro" types. They are included to allow you to format new disks of that type. 3.5 inch disks to be used with the 1581 include the identifier "1581" in the name. Names which include a double exclamation mark (!!) have some non-standard feature which requires a special device driver to properly access data on the disk. The two device drivers currently supplied with Jugg'ler (SB and ADAM) are outlined below under 'Additional Utilities'. To advance to the next selection, press the plus key ("+") or the key in the cursor key pad (above the main keyboard). This will advance the selection by one entry. To scroll faster, press the asterisk key ("*") or the key. This will advance one "page" or ten selections in each jump. The list appears to be an endless loop. When you try to scroll past the end of the list, you will wind up back at the beginning again. To go back one selection, press the minus key ("-") or the key (either the one in the cursor key pad or the one to the left of the key). If you try to scroll back before the beginning of the list, you will wind up at the end. To return directly to the start of the list, use the H key. (Think of this as H for HOME.) To go to the end of the list, press H to go to the beginning, then the minus or key. (Remember, the list is a continous loop, so the end is just before the beginning and the beginning is just after the end.) Included in the list of supported disk types are several custom disk types which were developed to optimize the storage space available on the 1571 and 1581 drives by eliminating the un-used system tracks normally found on MFM CP/M disks. These disk types are LIBRARIAN 1571 and LIBRARIAN 1581 (which maximize the number of directory entries at 256 and 512 respectively, for storing large numbers of files) and MAXI 1571 and MAXI 1581 (which maximize the data storage spaces at 396 K and 796 K, respectively). Also supported is the MG1581 disk type (my first attempt at using the 1581 with CP/M. See Transactor Magazine, Vol 8, #3, Nov 1987). The official Commodore "native" disk types (C-128 single sided, C-128 double sided, C-64 and 1581) are supported for formatting new disks only. Read/write support for these types are built into the standard C-128 CP/M operating system. (The 1581 native type requires C-128 CP/M release dated May 1987 or later.) One of several cautionary notes may appear beside the disk type. These are: Limited support -- mixed density This message appears for some 5.25 inch disks and means that the selected disk type normally contains a few tracks in the system area at the beginning of the disk which are different from the bulk of the disk (normally these system tracks are single density). This occurs mostly with some older CP/M disk types which were designed to be compatible with earlier versions of the host computer which only supported single density. The main portion of the disk, including all data and directory areas will be in double density. Since the 1571 has difficulty formatting single density disks, Jugg'ler will format the selected disk type entirely in the double density mode. A disk formatted in this fashion will not be "bootable" on the host computer because it lacks the boot code stored on the single density tracks. Otherwise, the disk should function normally. Conversely, a disk formatted on the host machine may not be usable on the C-128 if track 0 is formatted in true single density (FM) and the 1571 has not been modified to read single density. It is recommended that, for data transfer, disks be formatted with Jugg'ler where possible to avoid the problems associated with single density. Limited support -- 1581 inverted heads The read/write heads on the 1581 are flipped compared to other computers. This means that what the 1581 thinks is side 0, the other computer takes as side 1, and vice versa. The major problem is created by single sided disks. CP/M recognizes foreign disk types by analysing what it calls side 0 of the disk. On a disk of this type, "side 0" is normally blank, and CP/M can't recognize it. This problem has the effect of limiting the possible support for foreign 3.5 inch disk types. However, the listed types are fully supported if the disk is formatted first on the 1581 to put the format information on both sides of the disk. In most cases, the disk can then be used on the host computer without further problems. For optimum performance on computers which do not use a WD177x type MFM disk controller, the disk should be re-formatted on the host computer before it is used by either the host or a 1581. Double sided 3.5 inch disks of this type should be formatted on the host computer if it does not use a WD177x type controller. Limited support -- 35 tracks This message appears for some 5.25 inch disks. It means that the disk is double sided and uses only 35 tracks per side instead of the normal 40. It is a potential problem with this disk type due to the way that the disk is filled. C-128 CP/M defaults to 40 tracks per side for 1571 MFM disks. This is usually OK, except when the disk is filled in the order of "all side 0, then side 1" as is the case with these disk types. CP/M will try to write data to the disk beyond track 35 on side 0 before it will start to fill side 1. In order to use these disks on the C-128, you must make sure that the disk is never more than half full. If you observe this precaution, these disks can be read and written normally. Limited support -- single density This message appears for disks which are formatted entirely in single density mode. Although the 1571 cannot normally handle single density disks, it can be modified by installing a hardware switch on the double density enable pin of the WD177x MFM disk controller. A discussion of this is modification is beyond the scope of this manual. However, if you have made the appropriate modifications to your 1571, Jugg'ler can provide read and write (but not formatting) support for disks of this type. Formatting support only, not a CP/M disk Version 3.2 and later of Jugg'ler includes the capability to format some non-CP/M disk types, such as Commodore DOS and 5.25 inch MS-DOS. Formatting support is provided for convenience only. You will not be able to read or write these disks unless you have the appropriate file conversion utility. Jugg'ler does not provide this capability. The Commodore DOS disks are provided with full BAM and directory sectors, and can be formatted on any type of disk drive, including a 1541. The MS-DOS disks are provided with the appropriate FAT and boot record sectors but do not contain any of the MS-DOS system programs. You cannot "install" any of these disk types. Formatting support only, native CP/M type Version 3.2 and later of Jugg'ler allows you to format native C-128 CP/M disks in any of 4 types: C-64, C-128 SS, C-128 DS and 1581 DS. The C-64 and C-128 SS types can be formatted with a 1541 or other "slow" drive. These disks contain all appropriate boot sectors, but do not include the CP/M operating system (CPM+.SYS, and CCP.COM). You cannot "install" any of these disk types. Support for them is included automatically with your CP/M system (version dated MAY 1987 or later is required to support the native 1581 disk type). INSTALLING A NEW DISK TYPE Once you have high-lighted the desired disk type, press the A key to install the selection as extra disk type "A"; the B key to install it as extra disk type "B"; or the C key to install it as extra disk type "C". Note that "A" , "B" and "C" are only used as place markers and are not connected with the CP/M disk drive naming convention of "A" drive, "B" drive and "C" drive. A, B and C can be selected in any order at any time and need not all be used. When the disk type has been installed, the status line at the bottom of the menu screen will be updated to reflect the newly installed type. The disk type names which appear on this line are in I.D. code format. When you install a disk type, the parameters are also saved in a "default disk type" buffer. The buffer can be saved for future reference (i.e. the defaults can be loaded and installed automatically when you boot up your system). This is described later under "Saving the Defaults". USING THE FOREIGN DISKS Once installed, you can read and write files on the chosen types of disks, just as you can with the standard MFM disk types normally supported by C-128 CP/M. The new disk types will be fully supported by the operating system (for both built in and transient commands) automatically without further need for Jugg'ler (until you re-start your CP/M system with a cold boot). The CP/M operating system on the C-128 already has this capability built right into it. It is the same feature that allows you to access KayPro, Epson, Osborne, etc. disk types with standard "off-the-shelf" C-128 CP/M. This means that you do not need any extra "file conversion" or "disk translation" utility to access these disks. Files can be copied to or from any of these disks using conventional CP/M file copying programs such as PIP and SWEEP. Application programs such as wordprocessing programs, spread sheets, databases and assemblers can also directly access files on these disks. LISTING THE DISK TYPES Normally only ten disk types are displayed on the menu screen at one time. Pressing the "?" key will give you a complete list of available disk types (in alphabetical order) on the screen. It should be noted that if your particular disk type is not listed by name, it may still be supported under a different name. Start by looking in Table 1 for a disk type with identical physical characteristics (sector size and number of sectors per track). Install this type and then try to read the directory of your disk. (If you do not know the physical characteristics of your disk, you can use the "X" option of Jugg'ler, detailed below under "Analysing a Disk".) It may take several tries because there may be more than one disk type with the same physical characteristics, but with different logical characteristics (location of directory, sector filling order, etc.). If you can read the directory of the disk, try to read a text file on the disk with CP/M's TYPE command. If you can do this successfully, chances are you have matched your disk type. In addition, it should be noted that Jugg'ler is designed to work with CP/M disks only. Many of the computers listed (such as the IBM PC, and the HP-86) may support other operating systems which are not compatible with CP/M. Make sure that the disk you are trying to read is, in fact, a CP/M disk. FORMATTING A NEW DISK If you want to format a disk in the currently selected type, press the F key. At this point you will be prompted to enter the drive letter for the target drive. Insert the new disk into your chosen drive, and press . If you decide not to format the disk after all, just press any other key to return to the menu. Note: Jugg'ler can detect the type of drive connected to the computer. If it does not match the type of disk selected, you will get an error message. (For example, if you specify a 1581 disk type, but have selected a 1571 drive to do the formatting on you will be stopped.) This is required because the formatting command strings are different for the 1570/71 and 1581. In some cases, a warning message will appear when the disk is being formatted. There are three possible causes for this. The first deals with single density disks on the 1571 drive; the second with the 1581 inverted heads; and the third with non-CP/M disks. The causes of each of these are described above under "Selecting a Disk Type". If the selected disk type is a Commodore DOS disk, you will be prompted to enter the disk name and ID code. This is identical to formatting a Commodore DOS disk in C-128 native mode. The data should be entered in standard "NAME,ID" format with NAME being from 1 to 16 characters and ID being 1 or 2 characters. Jugg'ler will convert all alphabetic characters to the uppercase ASCII (unshifted PETSCII) normally used by Commodore DOS for such purposes. If the ID portion is omitted, a short format (i.e. re-formatting of an already formatted Commodore DOS disk) will be performed, otherwise a complete format is done. A slow drive (i.e. 1541) can be used for this disk type. Proper BAM and directory blocks are written to the disk for use by Commodore DOS. If the selected disk type is an MS-DOS disk, Jugg'ler will write all appropriate boot block, FAT and directory sectors to make a fully functional MS-DOS data disk. The disk will not contain the MS-DOS system programs. Therefore, it will not be "bootable" on an MS-DOS machine unless you use the MS-DOS "SYS.COM" program to transfer the MS-DOS system onto the disk. This procedure, which normally must be done on a formatted but empty MS-DOS disk, is explained in the MS-DOS reference guide. Some computers support both single sided and double sided disk types. The individual operating systems on the host computers use a variety of methods to distinguish between the different types, such as odd-ball sector numbering schemes and writing control bytes to certain sectors of the disk. If these features are not found, the system will normally default to single sided. Jugg'ler will handle most sector numbering schemes correctly but (with the exception of the C-128 native CP/M disk types and MS-DOS disks) will not write the control bytes. Therefore, it is recommended that if you are formatting a disk for use on the host machine, you should choose a single sided format, if one is available. It is also generally wise to format the disk on the machine that will do most of the writing. This is to ensure that the disk has been correctly set up to take the writing of data. Different disk controllers are usually read compatible, but may not be totally write compatible (such as the 1541 and 4040). However, most CP/M systems are based on the WD177x type controller, which is the same one used in the 1571 and 1581 drives so this should rarely be a problem. SAVING THE DEFAULTS Jugg'ler has the ability to define and save up to three disk types as "defaults". This recognizes the fact that not everyone will want access to over 140 types of disks all the time. By pressing the "S" key on the main menu, you can save the currently installed extra disk types in a file named "JUGG.DEF". This file can be used later for quickly installing the extra disk types automatically without having to use the main menu each time. This process is described in detail below in the section on "Optional Start up Commands". The current set of defaults will be displayed and you will be asked if you wish to save them or not. The defaults will generally be the same as those listed on the "currently installed" line of the main menu screen. However, they may be different if you have previously run Jugg'ler since the last cold boot to install a disk type without saving the new types in the default file. (The "defaults" are stored separately in RAM from the "installed" types. The RAM copy of the defaults is lost when you exit from Jugg'ler while the installed types remain until you do a system re-boot.) Once you have selected the "save defaults option", you will be asked to select the drive which contains the Jugg'ler system disk, then to insert that disk (note: you should use your back-up Jugg'ler system disk or a working copy in most cases). If you specify drive M: (the RAM disk), you will not be prompted to insert a disk. Since only one JUGG.DEF file can exist on a disk at a time, any default file already on the disk will be over-written by the new file. However, you can keep several disks, each with a different default file if you so desire. After the default file has been written, you will be returned to the main menu. INSTALLING THE DEFAULTS You can read and install the JUGG.DEF default file at any time from the main menu by pressing the "I" key. It should be noted that this will erase any disk type previously installed replacing them with the entries in the default file. You will be prompted to select the target drive and then to insert the system disk in that drive. If you specify drive M: (the RAM disk), you will not be prompted to insert a disk. After the defaults have been installed, you will be returned to the main menu. ANALYSING A DISK Jugg'ler has the ability to analyse an unknown CP/M disk and give you some choices as to what it might be. This is done with the "X" option from the main menu. You will be given the physical characteristics of the disk (bytes per sector, sectors per track, etc.), along with a list of possible types. More than one type will probably be listed. This is because many CP/M disks have the same physical structure but differ widely in how the tracks and sectors are filled, the location of the directory, etc. In this case, you will have to try each type until you find one that works. In rare cases, you may get a message "NO MATCH FOUND". This indicates that the current version of the JUGG.DAT file does not contain any disk types which match the physical description of your unknown disk. If this is the case or you cannot find a possible match which works, we would like to hear from you. The Jugg'ler data file is updated on a regular basis and new additions are always welcome. Send a sample of your unknown disk, preferrably with a couple of ASCII text files on it, along with a description of the host computer to: Jugg'ler-128 Disk Definitions c/o Herne Data Systems Ltd. P.O. Box 250 Tiverton, ON N0G 2T0 Canada You may also get the error message "UNKNOWN DISK TYPE". This occurs when the disk is not an MFM or Commdore GCR disk, or with a single density disk in an unmodified 1571. Obviously, Jugg'ler will not support these disk types. An error message will also appear if the disk is a GCR disk or a native 1581 CP/M or native DOS disk. The native CP/M disks are supported already by C-128 CP/M. (CP/M release dated May 1987 or later is required to use the native 1581 disk type.) It should be noted that there are a few very strange MFM disk types, mainly those with non standard sector numbering schemes, which may cause the disk drive and computer to "lock up" during analysis. This is caused by limitations within the the 1571 and 1581 drives, and is not caused by Jugg'ler. If this happens, you will have to turn the drive and computer off and re-start your system. An example of a disk of this type is the BMC (or OKI) if800 computer which numbers its sectors 1, 3, 5, 7, etc. instead of 1, 2, 3, etc. Disks of these types cannot be supported by C-128 CP/M. After analysing a disk, you will be asked if you want to analyse another. Type in "Y" if you wish to do another disk or just to return to the main menu. If you choose to analyse another, you will return to the "Select target drive" prompt. LEAVING JUGG'LER You can exit Jugg'ler from the main menu by pressing any of the following keys: Q (for QUIT) ; or -C All of these options will return you to the CP/M command prompt. A sign-off message listing the currently installed extra disk types will be displayed as a reminder. OPTIONAL START UP COMMANDS Jugg'ler makes extensive use of the CP/M command line for determining the start up options. The following optional start up commands are available: JUGG start up normally. JUGG A list all disk types in the current JUGG.DAT file. JUGG B make a back up of the Jugg'ler system files. JUGG D install the default disk types from the JUGG.DEF file, then exit back to CP/M. JUGG F format a new disk type from one of the types in the JUGG.DEF file, then exit back to CP/M. JUGG I install the default disk types from the JUGG.DEF file, then start up normally. JUGG L list all disk types currently installed in the system. JUGG M same as option B, but goes directly to the RAM disk (drive M:) without further prompting. JUGG P patch the CCP.COM (a CP/M system file) so that Jugg'ler is activated directly from a cold boot up. JUGG X analyse an unknown CP/M disk type. These options are provided to allow easy command line access to most of the major features of Jugg'ler. Each of the above options will be described in greater detail below. List All The "A" option is equivalent to the "?" option of the main menu described in the "Listing the Disk Types" section above. Upon completion of the list, you are returned to the CP/M command prompt. This option is included primarily to allow the user to obtain a hard copy of the latest Jugg'ler data file listing. To get the print out, turn on your printer, press -P to re-direct the screen output to it, then type in: JUGG A Don't forget to press -P again to turn the printer off when you are finished. You can pause the display at any point using the key or -S. To restart the display after a , press again. (On the MAY 87 version of C-128 CP/M, you must press to restart the display.) To restart after a -S, press -Q. Back Up The "B" option is used for backing up the Jugg'ler system disk. It is described above in the section "Making a Back Up". Install Defaults Only The "D" option allows you to read and install the previously saved "JUGG.DEF" file without entering the main menu. This is useful to include in an auto executing batch file (PROFILE.SUB) for automatically installing your favorite disk types each time CP/M is started up. When the defaults are installed, you are returned to the batch file (or the CP/M command prompt if it was the last entry in the file). Format Default Type The "F" option allows you to format a new disk in one of the types in the JUGG.DEF default file. You will be presented with a mini menu of the three default types. Select one by entering its corresponding number followed by . After you have done this, the procedure is identical to that outlined above in "Formatting a New Disk" from the main menu. When you exit this option, you will return to the CP/M command prompt. Install Defaults, then Start up The "I" option provides a combination of the normal start up with the "D" option. That is, it will read and install the JUGG.DEF default file before going to the main menu. Afterwards, it behaves just like the normal start up. List Installed Types The "L" option will list all MFM disk types currently installed in your system, including those normally supported by C-128 CP/M. This is a quick method to see exactly what your system is capable of supporting in its present state. You will be returned to the CP/M command prompt after executing this option. Copy to RAM Disk The "M" option is almost identical to the "B" option except that it sends the Jugg'ler files directly to drive "M:", the default RAM disk. This requires a CP/M system dated 6 Dec 85 or later for RAM disk support. This option can be included in a batch file to move the Jugg'ler system into the RAM disk for later use. You will be returned to the CP/M command prompt after the files have been transferred. Patch CCP The "P" option is perhaps one of the more interesting features of Jugg'ler. It is used to modify the CCP.COM file (CP/M's resident command interpreter) to allow Jugg'ler to auto boot. Normally when CP/M starts up from a cold boot, the CCP.COM looks for the batch file PROFILE.SUB and executes it if found. The patch option changes this so that the CCP.COM looks for Jugg'ler instead. This has the effect of running Jugg'ler automatically from a CP/M cold boot, just as if you had typed in the command at a normal CP/M command prompt. Several choices are available in the patch mode menu, depending on the desired start up option: JUGG JUGG D JUGG I JUGG L and JUGG M The effect of each of these commands is described above. For example, if you chose the "JUGG D" patch, you would automatically install your default disk types each time you started up CP/M without any action on your part! In order to use the patch option, you must copy your CP/M system files (CPM+.SYS and CCP.COM) to the Jugg'ler system disk. It should be noted that any patch made by Jugg'ler will de-activate CP/M's PROFILE.SUB auto start file. If you use a PROFILE.SUB start up, you should include one of the Jugg'ler start up commands as an entry in the PROFILE.SUB rather than use the patch option. The patch option of Jugg'ler also lets you 'un-install' a previous patch to return to the default PROFILE.SUB start up. Analyse Disk The final start up option, "X", performs the same disk analysis function as the "X" option on the main menu. This is described above under "Analysing a Disk". After executing this option, you will be returned to the CP/M command prompt. THE TECHNICAL DETAILS Jugg'ler works by patching an area of the CP/M BIOS called the Disk Parameter Table or DPT. This table contains a series of 32 byte entries which tells CP/M what kind of MFM disks it can read and write. In the standard C-128 CP/M configuration, several entries in the table are unused (seven out of 16 are available). Jugg'ler takes advantage of this to install new disk types. In order to compensate for some disk types which rely on a logical sector skew table, Jugg'ler uses two DPT entries for each of its extra disk types. The first contains the standard DPT entry, while the second contains the skew table, if it is used. The DPT is in BANK 0 RAM and is not normally accessible to user programs except through special techniques such as bank switching. Since it is in RAM, it will be erased each time you re-boot the computer. You must run Jugg'ler each time you boot up if you want to support one of its extra disk types. Details of the DPT can be found in a number of reference sources, such as the article "Inside C-128 CP/M" in the January 1988 issue of Transactor Magazine. (vol 8, issue #4, page 43) Jugg'ler is written entirely in Z-80 and 8502 assembly language for speed and versatility using Chris Miller's Z-BUDDY Z-80 cross assembler and EBUD 8502 assembler. Jugg'ler uses standard CP/M BDOS and BIOS function calls, ADM31 terminal controls and 8502 KERNAL calls. Jugg'ler also uses some memory areas in a non-standard manner. This is mainly areas in the common high RAM bank above $FD00. Although the locations used by Jugg'ler are not normally used by CP/M, this memory usage may conflict with some other memory resident application programs, such as CP/M command shells, or modified or "enhanced" CP/M systems. If you have trouble running Jugg'ler under one of these conditions, disconnect all such enhancements prior to running Jugg'ler. Once the extra disk types have been installed, most enhancements can be reactivated normally because Jugg'ler does not leave any portion of itself in RAM (except the modified DPT in bank 0) after execution. ADDITIONAL UTILITIES SB.COM SB.COM is to be used in conjunction with Jugg'ler-128, program version 3.2 or later, (data release 3.3 or later) to provide read and write support for negative data polarity type disks, including Compustar 30, Sharp MZ-80 and several SuperBrain types. In order to use this program, you will need a 1571 disk drive installed as device 8. Drive A: will be used for normal disk types, while the virtual disk drive E: (which shares physical drive A:) will be used to access the SuperBrain type disks only. SB.COM cannot be installed at the same time as ADAM.COM. Certain CP/M disk types store data in a manner which can be termed 'negative data polarity'. In this fashion all data bytes on the disk (including directory areas etc.) are stored in a ones complement fashion. That is, binary ones and zeros are inverted. For example, the hex byte 44 (which is 0100 0100 in binary) is stored on disk as hex BB (which is binary 1011 1011) on negative polarity disks. This presents a problem to C-128 CP/M which is not set up to handle the inverted data. SB.COM is a user transparent device driver which does all of the required bit flipping to read and write these unusual disk formats. It is meant to be used in conjunction with data version 3.3 or later (which include the required disk type definitions) of the Jugg'ler CP/M disk utility. Installing the SB Device Driver Two steps are required to gain the ability to read/write negative polarity disks. The first is to install the general disk type using the Jugg'ler disk type selection menus. This is outlined above in the main Jugg'ler documentation. The next step is to install the SB.COM device driver with the following command: sb i Be sure to leave only one space between the sb and the i. If you no longer require the SB driver, you can un-install it with: sb o Note that SB checks to see if the driver is already installed before trying to install again or un-install itself. If you wish a brief summary of the command line options, type in: sb without specifying any command line options. Accessing SuperBrain Type Disks Assuming that you have installed the required disk type with Jugg'ler and the SB driver, you can access these disks with drive E:. In order to do this, you must have a 1571 drive installed as device 8. Normal disks are accessed on this drive using CP/M drive A:, while the SuperBrain type disks are accessed using CP/M drive E:. (C-128 CP/M provides two logical disk drives A: and E: which share the physical device 8 disk drive. CP/M will automatically prompt you to change disks between drive A: and E: as required.) The SB driver works with all standard CP/M programs including PIP, SID, WordStar, etc. If it does not work with other programs, you can first copy the required files to a standard C-128 CP/M disk using PIP. For example, to view the directory of a SuperBrain type disk, insert the disk into device 8 disk drive, and type in: dir e: at the CP/M command prompt (A>). CP/M will then display a message on the status line prompting you to insert the disk for drive E: into the drive. Since you have already done this, just press . CP/M will then try to figure out what kind of disk is in the drive. Since the SuperBrain disk is physically the same as an Epson QX-10 disk, a window will appear on the disk status line, initially with the disk type Epson displayed in it. Since we do not want this disk type, press the or arrow key (just above the main keyboard) to scroll through the list of matching disk types. Stop at the desired one (one of the SuperBrain types, Compustar, or Sharp) then press to select it. If you wish to lock in the disk type so you do not need to re-select it each time you change disks, press -. After doing this, your disk directory should appear on the screen, ready for use. The Technical Details SB installs a memory resident, user transparent device driver in normally un-used BANK 0 RAM at hex 5800 to 59FF. This memory area is not used by any standard C-128 CP/M program and is fully compatible with other Herne Data Systems CP/M device drivers (QDisk for the Quick Brown Box RAM cartridge, and others.) It cannot be used in conjunction with the ADAM.COM driver because both patch into drive E: vectors. The SB device drivers are patched into the sector read and write routines for CP/M drive E:, via the extended disk parameter header (XDPH) for that drive. Other drives connected to the system, such as A:, B: or M:, are not affected by the driver. The modified sector read routine first calls the normal C-128 CP/M sector read routine, then branches to a short translation routine which performs a ones complement bit flipping on the newly read data before returning to the calling program. This process puts the data into a format which can be understood by C-128 CP/M. The modified sector write routine calls the bit flipping routine to convert the data to a form required for writing to the disk, then writes the data to the disk using the standard C-128 CP/M sector write routine and branches back to the bit flipping routine to convert the data back into the form which C-128 CP/M expects to find it. ADAM.COM ADAM.COM is to be used in conjunction with Jugg'ler-128, program version 3.2 or later, (data release 3.3 or later) to provide read and write support for Coleco ADAM single sided 5-1/4 inch CP/M disks. In order to use this program, you will need a 1571 disk drive installed as device 8. Drive A: will be used for normal disk types, while the virtual disk drive E: (which shares physical drive A:) will be used to access the ADAM type disks only. ADAM.COM cannot be installed at the same time as SB.COM. Installing the ADAM Device Driver Two steps are required to gain the ability to read/write ADAM disks. The first is to install the Coleco ADAM disk type using the Jugg'ler disk type selection menus. This is outlined above in the main Jugg'ler documentation. The next step is to install the ADAM.COM device driver with the following command: adam i Be sure to leave only one space between the adam and the i. If you no longer require the ADAM driver, you can un-install it with: adam o Note that ADAM checks to see if the driver is already installed before trying to install again or un-install itself. If you wish a brief summary of the command line options, type in: adam without specifying any command line options. Accessing ADAM Type Disks Assuming that you have installed the required disk type with Jugg'ler and the ADAM driver, you can access these disks with drive E:. In order to do this, you must have a 1571 drive installed as device 8. Normal disks are accessed on this drive using CP/M drive A:, while the ADAM type disks are accessed using CP/M drive E:. (C-128 CP/M provides two logical disk drives A: and E: which share the physical device 8 disk drive. CP/M will automatically prompt you to change disks between drive A: and E: as required.) The ADAM driver works with all standard CP/M programs including PIP, SID, WordStar, etc. If it does not work with other programs, you can first copy the required files to a standard C-128 CP/M disk using PIP. For example, to view the directory of an ADAM type disk, insert the disk into device 8 disk drive, and type in: dir e: at the CP/M command prompt (A>). CP/M will then display a message on the status line prompting you to insert the disk for drive E: into the drive. Since you have already done this, just press . CP/M will then try to figure out what kind of disk is in the drive. Since the ADAM disk is physically the same as an IBM CP/M 86 single sided disk, a window will appear on the disk status line, initially with the disk type IBM displayed in it. Since we do not want this disk type, press the or arrow key (just above the main keyboard) to scroll through the list of matching disk types. Stop at the desired one (ADAM SS) then press to select it. If you wish to lock in the disk type so you do not need to re-select it each time you change disks, press -. After doing this, your disk directory should appear on the screen, ready for use. The Technical Details ADAM installs a memory resident, user transparent device driver in normally un-used BANK 0 RAM at hex 5800 to 59FF. This memory area is not used by any standard C-128 CP/M program and is fully compatible with other Herne Data Systems CP/M device drivers (QDisk for the Quick Brown Box RAM cartridge, and others.) It cannot be used in conjunction with the SB.COM driver because both patch into drive E: vectors. The ADAM device drivers are patched into the sector read and write routines for CP/M drive E:, via the extended disk parameter header (XDPH) for that drive. Other drives connected to the system, such as A:, B: or M:, are not affected by the driver. The ADAM disk format has an unusual logical skew which cannot be handled by normal C-128 CP/M. ADAM.COM has its own logical to physical sector translation routine which does the required transformation for both reads and writes. FIXTRK0.COM Some older 5-1/4 CP/M disks have a mixed density format. That is, the system area (usually track 0 and sometimes track 1) is formatted in single density (FM), while the main part of the disk (i.e. the directory and data area) has been formatted in standard double density (MFM). These disks present a problem to the 1571, which is not normally capable of handling single density. (It can be modified to accept single density, but this still does not produce good results for mixed density.) When a disk is logged in on the 1571, the drive always looks for data on track 0 first, even when logging into a different track. Thus disks with single density on track 0 cannot be properly logged in by the drive. Two general solutions are available for this problem. If you have access to the host machine, then you can often format a disk with Jugg'ler and use it successfully on the host computer. When a disk is formatted with Jugg'ler it is done entirely in double density. In most cases, the host machine will accept this disk for normal data storage. (However, you will not be able to make a system boot disk out of it for your host machine.) If you do not have access to the host machine, or your host machine will not accept disks formatted with Jugg'ler, then you can use the FIXTRK0.COM utility to replace the single density on track 0 with a double density track. FIXTRK0.COM will put a 16 x 256 track on the mixed density disk which makes it compatible with the 1571. NOTE: Use of FIXTRK0 may make the disk unreadable on the host computer and will certainly make it un-bootable. To use FIXTRK0, follow the simple instructions displayed on the screen. It will ask you to select the drive letter containing the disk to be fixed, then to insert the disk and press to continue or to abort. The drive MUST be a 1571. SS1581.COM The read/write heads on the 1581 drive are inverted compared to the industry standard (i.e. head 0 on the 1581 is head 1 on other machines, and vice versa). For double sided disks, this does not present a problem because the data required for log-in is on both sides of the disk. However, for disks which have been formatted on a single sided host machine, the log-in data is on the wrong side. (When a disk is logged in, the C-128 CP/M BIOS looks at its side 0. On a single sided 3-1/2 inch disk not formatted on the 1581, this will be blank.) SS1581 is a temporary patch for the C-128 BIOS that tells it to log-in side 1 (really side 0 for the foreign disk). This will let you use single sided 3-1/2 inch disks formatted on a host computer correctly in the 1581. NOTE: SS1581 will interfere with single sided 5-1/4 disks in the 1571 drive, and may interfere with KayPro style double sided disks. It should only be used when required to copy files to or from the 1581 disk and removed again after use. To install SS1581, type in: SS1581 I where 'I' is either the letter capital i or the numeral one. To remove SS1581 from memory, type in: SS1581 O where 'O' is either the letter capital o or the numeral zero. TABLE 1: CP/M Disk Types: =====================+=========+=======+===========+=====+=====+======+===== Disk Name Sides Type Sectors Total First Side Fill +------+----+Disk Sect 2 Seq Size # Space Num Num =====================+=========+=======+======+====+=====+=====+======+===== A B C - 80 SS 5 1/4 256 16 152k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 7 14 5 12 3 10 1 8 15 6 13 4 11 2 9 A B Dick Magna III DS 5 1/4 256 16 256k 1 long cyl ATR-8000 DS 5 1/4 1024 5 380k 1 same cyl ATR-8000 SS 5 1/4 1024 5 190k 1 same cyl Access Matrix SS 5 1/4 512 9 171k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 3 6 1 4 7 2 5 8 Actrix DS 5 1/4 512 9 350k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 3 6 1 4 7 2 5 8 9 12 15 10 13 16 11 14 17 Actrix SS 5 1/4 512 9 171k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 3 6 1 4 7 2 5 8 Adler Textwriter SS 5 1/4 256 16 160k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 3 6 9 12 15 2 5 8 11 14 1 4 7 10 13 Adv. Digt'l Super-6 DS 5 1/4 1024 4 312k 1 same cyl Adv. Digt'l Super-6 SS 5 1/4 1024 4 156k 1 same cyl Adv. Digt'l T-DOS 312k DS 5 1/4 1024 4 312k 1 same cyl Adv. Digt'l T-DOS 366k DS 5 1/4 1024 5 366k 1 same cyl Amigo DS 5 1/4 512 10 392k 1 same cyl Amigo SS 5 1/4 512 10 190k 1 same cyl Ampro SS 5 1/4 512 10 190k 1 same cyl Ampro SS 3 1/2 1024 5 390k 1 same cyl Amstrad PCW DS 3 1/2 512 9 714k 1 same cyl Amstrad Vortex DS 3 1/2 512 9 708k 1 same cyl Archive DS 5 1/4 512 9 360k 1 same cyl Arisia SS 5 1/4 256 18 148k 1 same cyl Avatar DS 5 1/4 512 10 384k 1 same 1/2 Fill table (soft skew): 0 4 8 2 6 1 5 9 3 7 Beehive DS 5 1/4 512 10 390k 1 same cyl Bitelex SS 5 1/4 256 16 132k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 Bondwell 12 SS 5 1/4 256 18 170k 0 same cyl Bondwell 14 DS 5 1/4 256 18 350k 0 same 1/2 Bondwell 2 SS 3 1/2 256 18 350k 0 same cyl Burr-Brown DS 5 1/4 256 18 342k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 9 1 10 2 11 3 12 4 13 5 14 6 15 7 16 8 17 C/WP Cortex SS 5 1/4 512 10 190k 1 same cyl CCS (1024 byte/sector) DS 5 1/4 1024 5 370k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 2 4 1 3 5 7 9 6 8 CCS (256 byte/sector) DS 5 1/4 256 18 332k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 4 8 12 16 2 6 10 14 1 5 9 13 17 3 7 11 15 CCS (512 byte/sector) DS 5 1/4 512 10 370k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 3 6 9 2 5 8 1 4 7 10 13 16 19 12 15 18 11 14 17 CDI-5000 DS 5 1/4 1024 5 390k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 3 1 4 2 Cal PC DS 5 1/4 1024 5 390k 1 same cyl Coleco ADAM CP/M SS 5 1/4 512 8 148k 1 same 1/2 Fill table (soft skew): 2 7 4 1 6 3 0 5 Compugraphic MCS 5 SS 5 1/4 256 16 156k 1 same cyl Compustar 30 DS 5 1/4 512 10 340k 1 same 1/2 Fill table (soft skew): 0 2 4 6 8 1 3 5 7 9 Cromemco C-10 DS 5 1/4 512 10 390k 1 long cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 4 8 2 6 1 5 9 3 7 Cromemco CDOS DS 5 1/4 512 10 390k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 4 8 2 6 1 5 9 3 7 Cromemco CDOS DSSD 5 1/4 128 18 173k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 5 10 15 2 7 12 17 4 9 14 1 6 11 16 3 8 13 Cromemco CDOS SS 5 1/4 512 10 190k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 4 8 2 6 1 5 9 3 7 Cromemco CDOS SSSD 5 1/4 128 18 83k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 5 10 15 2 7 12 17 4 9 14 1 6 11 16 3 8 13 Cromemco Int'l Term DS 5 1/4 512 10 390k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 3 6 9 2 5 8 1 4 7 10 13 16 19 12 15 18 11 14 17 Cromemco Int'l Term SS 5 1/4 512 10 190k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 3 6 9 2 5 8 1 4 7 Cykey DS 5 1/4 256 16 308k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 4 8 12 1 5 9 13 2 6 10 14 3 7 11 15 DEC Robin SS 5 1/4 512 9 171k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 2 4 6 8 1 3 5 7 DEC VT-180 SS 5 1/4 512 9 171k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 2 4 6 8 1 3 5 7 Digilog DS 5 1/4 1024 5 334k 1 same 1/2 Direct 1025 DS 5 1/4 256 16 306k 1 same cyl Epson QX-10 (256) DS 5 1/4 256 16 304k 1 same cyl Epson QX-10 (256-Euro) DS 5 1/4 256 16 280k 1 same cyl Epson QX-10 (512) DS 5 1/4 512 10 380k 1 same cyl Formula 1 DS 5 1/4 256 18 346k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 1 4 5 8 9 12 13 16 17 2 3 6 7 10 11 14 15 Fujitsu Micro 8 DS 5 1/4 256 16 304k 1 same cyl Fujitsu Micro 16-s DS 5 1/4 512 8 312k 1 same 1/2 Gemini DS 3 1/2 512 10 780k 1 same 1/2 Glass Typewriter II DS 5 1/4 512 10 380k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 3 6 9 2 5 8 1 4 7 Glass Typewriter DS 3 1/2 512 10 778k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 3 6 9 2 5 8 1 4 7 Gnat Sys. 10 DS 5 1/4 512 10 340k 1 long cyl Heath Magnolia DS 5 1/4 512 9 346k 1 same 1/2 Heath Magnolia SS 5 1/4 512 9 166k 1 same cyl Hew.-Pack. 125 SS 3 1/2 256 16 252k 0 same cyl Hewlett Packard 86, 87 DS 5 1/4 256 16 252k 0 same cyl IBM-PC (CP/M-86) DS 5 1/4 512 8 316k 1 same 1/2 IBM-PC (CP/M-86) SS 5 1/4 512 8 156k 1 same cyl ICM Turbo DOS DS 5 1/4 1024 5 396k 1 same cyl IMS-5000 DS 5 1/4 256 16 304k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 8 16 24 1 9 17 25 2 10 18 26 3 11 19 27 4 12 20 28 5 13 21 29 6 14 22 30 7 15 23 31 IMS-5000 SS 5 1/4 256 16 148k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 8 1 9 2 10 3 11 4 12 5 13 6 14 7 15 Insight Enter. DS 5 1/4 256 16 312k 1 same cyl Jet-80 DS 5 1/4 1024 5 390k 1 same cyl KayPro 4, 10 DS 5 1/4 512 10 394k 0 long cyl KayPro II, 2 SS 5 1/4 512 10 195k 0 same cyl L.N.W.-2 SS 5 1/4 256 18 166k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 5 10 15 2 7 12 17 4 9 14 1 6 11 16 3 8 13 Labtam DS 3 1/2 1024 5 798k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 5 6 7 8 9 Lexoriter SS 5 1/4 256 16 160k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 3 6 9 12 15 2 5 8 11 14 1 4 7 10 13 Librarian 1571 DS 5 1/4 1024 5 402k 0 same cyl Librarian 1581 DS 3 1/2 1024 5 802k 0 same cyl Lobo Max-80 (256 byte) DS 5 1/4 256 18 346k 0 same cyl Lobo Max-80 (256 byte) SS 5 1/4 256 18 166k 0 same cyl Lobo Max-80 (512 byte) DS 5 1/4 512 10 384k 0 same cyl Magic DS 5 1/4 512 10 390k 1 same cyl MAXI 1571 DS 5 1/4 1024 5 402k 0 same cyl MAXI 1581 DS 3 1/2 1024 5 802k 0 same cyl Mega-88 Turbo DOS DS 5 1/4 1024 4 308k 1 same cyl MG 1581 DS 3 1/2 512 10 782k 1 same cyl Micro Source M-6000 DS 5 1/4 512 10 380k 1 long cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 4 8 2 6 1 5 9 3 7 10 14 18 12 16 11 15 19 13 17 MicroBee DS 5 1/4 512 10 390k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 1 4 7 0 3 6 9 2 5 8 Micron Quark DS 5 1/4 1024 4 312k 1 same cyl Molecular S-9 DS 5 1/4 512 9 360k 1 same cyl Morrow MD2 SS 5 1/4 1024 5 190k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 3 1 4 2 Morrow MD3,5,11,16,34 DS 5 1/4 1024 5 390k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 3 1 4 2 Morrow Turbo DOS DS 5 1/4 1024 4 312k 1 same cyl Mountain Control DS 5 1/4 512 10 390k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 4 8 2 6 1 5 9 3 7 10 14 18 12 16 11 15 19 13 17 Multiflex SS 5 1/4 512 9 166k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 3 6 1 4 7 2 5 8 NCR Decision Mate DS 5 1/4 512 8 308k 1 same 1/2 NEC PC-8001 SS 5 1/4 256 16 152k 1 same cyl NEC PC-8431 SS 3 1/2 256 16 304k 1 same cyl NEC PC-8801 DS 5 1/4 256 16 304k 1 same cyl Nelma Persona SS 5 1/4 512 9 171k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 2 4 6 8 1 3 5 7 Olivetti 240 SS 3 1/2 256 16 320k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 Olivetti ETV-300 SS 5 1/4 256 18 171k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 Olivetti M20 DS 5 1/4 256 16 256k 1 same cyl Olympia ETX-II SS 5 1/4 512 9 171k 1 same cyl Olympia EX-100 DS 5 1/4 512 9 350k 1 same cyl Osborne 1 SSSD 5 1/4 256 10 92k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 2 4 6 8 1 3 5 7 9 Osborne 1/Executive SS 5 1/4 1024 5 185k 1 same cyl Osborne G2 DS 5 1/4 1024 5 380k 1 long cyl Osborne Nuevo/Vixen DS 5 1/4 1024 5 390k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 2 4 1 3 5 7 9 6 8 Otrona Attache DS 5 1/4 512 10 364k 1 same 1/2 PMC MicroMate DS 5 1/4 1024 5 390k 1 same cyl Panasonic KXE-828 DS 5 1/4 256 16 304k 1 same cyl Pegasus Data Logger DS 5 1/4 512 9 342k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 3 6 1 4 7 2 5 8 9 12 15 10 13 16 11 14 17 Philips PC-2010 SS 5 1/4 256 16 152k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 Portapak DS 3 1/2 512 10 778k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 2 4 6 8 1 3 5 7 9 Royal Alphatronic DS 5 1/4 256 16 304k 1 same cyl Sage IV DS 5 1/4 512 8 312k 1 same 1/2 Sanyo MBC-1000, 1150 DS 5 1/4 256 16 312k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 3 6 9 12 15 2 5 8 11 14 1 4 7 10 13 Seequa Chameleon DS 5 1/4 512 8 316k 1 same 1/2 Seequa Chameleon SS 5 1/4 512 8 156k 1 same cyl Sharp MZ-80 DS 5 1/4 512 10 340k 1 same cyl Slicer DS 5 1/4 512 9 316k 1 same cyl Sony SMC-70 SS 3 1/2 256 16 272k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 3 6 9 12 15 2 5 8 11 14 1 4 7 10 13 Spectravideo SV-328 DS 5 1/4 256 17 326k 1 same 1/2 SuperBrain DS 5 1/4 512 10 340k 1 same 1/2 Fill table (soft skew): 0 2 4 6 8 1 3 5 7 9 SuperBrain 40 Track SS 5 1/4 512 10 190k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 2 4 6 8 1 3 5 7 9 SuperBrain Jr. SS 5 1/4 512 10 164k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 2 4 6 8 1 3 5 7 9 Systel 2 SS 5 1/4 512 9 171k 1 same cyl Systel 3 DS 5 1/4 512 9 350k 1 same cyl TI Pro. CP/M-86 SS 5 1/4 512 8 156k 1 same cyl TRS-80 Color Power II SS 5 1/4 256 18 171k 1 same cyl TRS-80 Mod 3/Holmes DS 5 1/4 512 10 382k 0 long cyl TRS-80 Mod 3/M.M. SS 5 1/4 512 10 190k 1 same cyl TRS-80 Mod 4 CP/M+ SS 5 1/4 512 8 156k 1 same cyl TRS-80 Mod 4/MTZ (256) DS 5 1/4 256 18 350k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 TRS-80 Mod 4/MTZ (256) SS 5 1/4 256 18 170k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 TRS-80 Mod 4/MTZ (512) DS 5 1/4 512 10 400k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 2 4 6 8 1 3 5 7 9 TRS-80 Mod 4/MTZ (512) SS 5 1/4 512 10 200k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 2 4 6 8 1 3 5 7 9 TRS-80 Model 1 SSSD 5 1/4 256 10 101k 0 same cyl TRS-80 Model 1/Omicron SSSD 5 1/4 128 18 72k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 4 8 12 16 2 6 10 14 1 5 9 13 17 3 7 11 15 Tektronix 4170 DS 5 1/4 512 8 308k 1 same 1/2 TeleVideo Turbo DOS DS 5 1/4 1024 5 400k 1 same cyl TeleVideo 801, 806 DS 5 1/4 256 18 342k 1 same cyl Telectronics CP/M 68k DS 5 1/4 256 18 346k 1 same cyl Teletek SystemMaster DS 5 1/4 256 18 346k 1 same 1/2 Fill table (soft skew): 0 6 12 1 7 13 2 8 14 3 9 15 4 10 16 5 11 17 Tomcat 1800G DS 5 1/4 512 10 390k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 4 8 2 6 1 5 9 3 7 Toshiba T-100 DS 5 1/4 256 16 256k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 4 8 12 1 5 9 13 2 6 10 14 3 7 11 15 16 20 24 28 17 21 25 29 18 22 26 30 19 23 27 31 Toshiba T-200 DS 5 1/4 256 16 256k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 4 8 12 1 5 9 13 2 6 10 14 3 7 11 15 Wang-Writer DS 5 1/4 256 16 312k 1 same cyl Wavemate Bullet SS 5 1/4 1024 5 190k 1 same cyl XOR-5 DS 5 1/4 512 10 384k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 5 1 6 2 7 3 8 4 9 Xerox 16/8 DS 5 1/4 512 9 342k 1 same 1/2 Xerox 820 SSSD 5 1/4 128 18 83k 1 same cyl Fill table (soft skew): 0 5 10 15 2 7 12 17 4 9 14 1 6 11 16 3 8 13 Xerox 820-II DS 5 1/4 256 17 326k 1 same 1/2 Xerox 820-II SS 5 1/4 256 17 157k 1 same cyl Xerox/Sunrise Laptop SS 5 1/4 512 8 156k 1 same cyl Zenith Z-100 DS 5 1/4 512 8 312k 1 same cyl Zenith Z-100 SS 5 1/4 512 8 152k 1 same cyl Zenith Z-37 SSSD 5 1/4 256 10 92k 1 same cyl Zenith Z-89/90 DS 5 1/4 256 16 312k 1 same cyl Zenith Z-90 SS 5 1/4 256 16 152k 1 same cyl Zorba DS 5 1/4 512 10 390k 1 long cyl =====================+=========+=======+======+====+=====+=====+======+===== Notes: Total disk space does not include reserved system tracks Sectors # = number of sectors per track First Sect Num = starting physical sector number on first side (0 or 1) Side 2 Num: same = side 2 has same numbering sequence as side 1 long = side 2 continues from side 1 (e.g. side 1 has sectors 1 to 9, side 2 has 10 to 18) Fill Seq: cyl = fill side 1, then side 2 of each track, then go to next track 1/2 = fill all tracks on side 1, then start side 2